A, Images were pseudo-colored according to the reference bar: red: maximum ΔΨm, blue: minimum ΔΨm. HepG2, Huh7, HCC4006 cancer cells, and BJ1 fibroblasts were loaded with TMRM or Rh123, as described in Material and Methods. Mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells and fibroblasts is heterogeneous. © 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. HepG2 cells TMRM cancer cell cycle fibroblasts heterogeneity mitochondria mitochondrial membrane potential plasma membrane potential. Overall, our results showed that intercellular heterogeneity of ΔΨm is mainly modulated by intramitochondrial factors, it is independent of the ΔΨm indicator and it is not correlated with intercellular heterogeneity of plasma membrane potential or the phases of the cell cycle. The effect of chemical inhibition of the respiratory chain and ATP synthesis differed between basal, low and high ΔΨm cells. We showed that ΔΨm is more heterogeneous in cancer cells compared to fibroblasts, and it is maintained throughout the cell cycle.
We assessed ΔΨm using a two-pronged microscopy approach to measure relative fluorescence of tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) and absolute values of ΔΨm. Here, we quantified intercellular differences in ΔΨm in unsynchronized human cancer cells, cells synchronized in G1, S, and G2, and human fibroblasts. Previous reports on heterogeneity of ΔΨm were qualitative or semiquantitative.
Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is a global indicator of mitochondrial function.
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